Flanders, NY — Crash Data, Roads, History & Law

Flanders is an unincorporated hamlet in the Town of Southampton, Suffolk County, New York, with 5,098 residents at the 2020 Census. Federal crash records show 17 fatal crashes that killed 18 people within its boundaries from 2010 through 2024 — 3 of them on foot. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) accounted for more of those deaths (12) than any other road. Residents who commute travel an average of 33.6 minutes each way.

Long Island Town Fact Book · Updated · Sources & method

Flanders at a glance

Status
Hamlet (unincorporated; census-designated place)
Town
Southampton
County
Suffolk County
Population (2020 Census)
5,098[C]
Housing units (2020)
1,714
Land area
11.5 sq mi (plus 0.88 sq mi of water)
Density
443 people per sq mi
Average commute
33.6 minutes[B]
Traffic deaths, 2010–2024
18[A]
ZIP Code
11901
Founded / settled
No specific settlement or founding date for Flanders was established. The Town of Southampton's original 1640 purchase from the Indians and grant from Lord Stirling extended west only to the Shinnecock Canal, well east of Flanders, so the hamlet was outside the town's first purchase; the earliest documentary anchor found for the place name is the U.S. Post Office established there May 8, 1834.[14]
Legal status
Unincorporated hamlet of the Town of Southampton, Suffolk County; tabulated by the Census Bureau as the Flanders CDP[20]
Police
Southampton Town Police Department (town-wide agency; no separate Flanders or village police)[1][2]
Court
Southampton Town Justice Court[3]
Main roads and owners
NY 24 / Flanders Road (New York State); Suffolk CR 105 / Cross River Drive (Suffolk County); Long Neck Boulevard (not a state or county route)[15][16]
National Register listings
The Big Duck (NRHP ref. 97000164, pending-nomination notice published February 11, 1997); Big Duck Ranch, 1012 NY 24 (NRHP ref. 08000866, pending-nomination notice published August 14, 2008)[7][9]
Prior written notice law
Southampton Town Code § 287-1 (highways) and § 287-4 (sidewalks), Ch. 287, Art. I-II "Liability of Town; prior notice required"[17]
Census geography
Flanders CDP · GEOID 3626121 · GNIS 2389089
Coordinates
40.8888°N, 72.6042°W

Hamlets in New York have no legal boundary or government of their own. Figures here use the Census Bureau's census-designated place, the standard statistical outline for the community; local usage of the name can be wider or narrower.

Name:No citable source establishing the etymology of the name "Flanders" was found (folk etymology suggests an echo of the Flanders region of Belgium/France, but no primary or scholarly source confirms this). The name was in official use by May 8, 1834, when a U.S. Post Office named Flanders was established there.[14]

Fatal crashes in Flanders, 2010–2024

From January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2024, 18 people died in 17 crashes on public roads inside Flanders, according to the federal Fatality Analysis Reporting System.[A] Pedestrians account for 3 of those deaths (17%). The deadliest year was 2015, with 3 deaths.

Fatal crashes
17
People killed
18
Pedestrians
3
Bicyclists
1
Motorcyclists
0
Vehicle occupants
14
Traffic deaths in Flanders by year, 2010–2024
1 ’10 1 ’11 2 ’12 0 ’13 1 ’14 3 ’15 1 ’16 0 ’17 0 ’18 3 ’19 0 ’20 1 ’21 3 ’22 1 ’23 1 ’24

2024 figures come from NHTSA's Annual Report File and may be revised.

View the chart as a table
YearFatal crashesDeaths
201011
201111
201222
201300
201411
201533
201611
201700
201800
201923
202000
202111
202233
202311
202411

Roads where people died

RoadCrashesDeaths
Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 12 12
Quogue Riverhead Rd (CR 104) 2 2
Sunrise Highway (NY 27) 1 2
Red Creek Rd 1 1
County Route 105 1 1

Road names as recorded by police and normalised to common Long Island names.

When and where

  • Of the 17 crashes with a recorded time, 7 happened between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m., 6 between 4 and 8 p.m., 1 between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and 3 between 6 and 10 a.m.
  • 65% happened in darkness.
  • 0 of the 18 deaths were on expressways or parkways; 18 were on arterials and local streets.
  • 1 crash killed more than one person.
  • In at least 5 crashes, a driver had a reported blood-alcohol concentration of .08 or higher. This counts known test results only; NHTSA's official alcohol estimates, which impute untested drivers, are higher.

Who owns the roads where they happened (2015–2024)

FARS has recorded the owner of the roadway since 2015. Of the 12 fatal crashes in Flanders since then:

  • State highways 9 (75%)
  • County roads 2 (17%)
  • Town roads 1 (8%)

Ownership matters in New York because claims against a county, town, city or village generally require a notice of claim within 90 days (General Municipal Law § 50-e), while claims against the State are brought in the Court of Claims under Court of Claims Act § 10. This is general information, not legal advice.

Rate: 23.5 traffic deaths per 100,000 residents per year, against 9.1 for Suffolk County. This is a resident-based rate, not a measure of how risky the roads are to drive: crashes are counted where they happen, not where the people involved live, so a small community crossed by a major highway shows a high rate. With 5,098 residents, a single crash moves Flanders's rate substantially.

The 15 most recent fatal crashes

DateTimeRoadDeathsWho diedLight
* 5 p.m. Quogue Riverhead Rd (CR 104) 1 Vehicle occupant daylight
8 a.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant daylight
7 p.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Pedestrian dark
6 a.m. Quogue Riverhead Rd (CR 104) 1 Vehicle occupant daylight
11 a.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant daylight
5 a.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant dark
10 p.m. Sunrise Highway (NY 27) 2 2 vehicle occupants dark
11 p.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) at Longneck Blvd 1 Vehicle occupant dark
8 p.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant dark
7 p.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant dark
12 a.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Pedestrian dark
4 p.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant daylight
7 a.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Vehicle occupant daylight
7 p.m. Flanders Road / Riverleigh Avenue (NY 24) 1 Bicyclist dark
12 a.m. Red Creek Rd 1 Vehicle occupant dark

FARS contains no names or personal identifiers. * 2024 records are preliminary. Download all 17 records (CSV) · How this was compiled

Recent Flanders Incident Reports

Riverhead Man Arrested for DWI After Two-Car Crash and Hit-and-Run in Flanders

Southampton Town Police said a 62-year-old Riverhead man was arrested on drunk-driving and hit-and-run charges after a two-car crash in Flanders on the evening of Wednesday, October 14, 2026. No injuries were reported in the collision.

Pedestrian, 37, of Flanders Killed Crossing Flanders Road at Oak Avenue

A pedestrian, 37, of Flanders was killed crossing Flanders Road at Oak Avenue. August 31, 2026.

Updated continuously from 511NY, NYSP, NCPD, and SCPD feeds — all Long Island reports.

All reported crashes in the Town of Southampton, 2021–2024

New York's crash file codes each crash to a town, city or village — never to a hamlet — so the finest official count that covers Flanders is for the Town of Southampton, which contains it. Police reported 9,585 crashes there from 2021 through 2024 — about 6.6 a day. 2,049 (21.4%) injured someone and 31 were fatal. [D]

Police-reported crashes, Town of Southampton
2021202220232024Total
2,2402,2922,4582,5959,585
Injury crashes
2,049
Fatal crashes
31
Struck a pedestrian
84
Struck a bicyclist
90
Struck a deer
526

Deer collisions are 5.5% of all reported crashes here. Counts are crashes, not people. The municipality is entered by the reporting police agency, and coding is less consistent for small villages, so compare places with care.

How Flanders gets to work

Flanders commuters travel an average of 33.6 minutes each way, 2.5 minutes longer than the Suffolk County average (the national average is 26.4 minutes). About 76.7% of workers drive alone. [B]

Commuting and vehicle access, 2020–2024 (American Community Survey 5-year estimates)
Measure Flanders Suffolk County New York State United States
Average one-way commute 33.6 min ±11.4 31.1 min 32.6 min 26.4 min
Commute 60 minutes or longer 18.1% ±8.6 14.1% 16.8% 8.6%
Commute under 15 minutes 15.5% ±5.9 22.8% 20.5% 26%
Drive alone 76.7% ±5.8 72.1% 48.8% 68.8%
Carpool 15% ±6.7 7.5% 6.3% 8.5%
Commuter rail (LIRR) 2.9% ±3.3 † 3.2% 1.8% 0.3%
Bus 1.2% ±1.7 † 0.6% 5.1% 1.5%
Walk 0.1% ±0.2 † 1.4% 5.6% 2.4%
Work from home 1.9% ±1.6 † 12% 14.9% 15.1%
Leave home before 6 a.m. 13% ±3.6 12% 10.6% 14.4%
Households with no vehicle 10.3% ±7.8 † 5.1% 29.2% 8.4%
Households with three or more vehicles 33% ±7.3 28.8% 11.8% 21.9%

Survey estimates for 3,428 workers aged 16 and over; ± values are 90% margins of error. † Small sample — the margin of error is large relative to the estimate, so treat the figure as indicative only. Travel-time rows exclude people who work from home.

Notable facts about Flanders

  • A U.S. Post Office named Flanders was established on May 8, 1834.[14]
  • The Big Duck was built in 1931 in Riverhead, not Flanders; it did not move to its namesake hamlet's Flanders Road until 1937.[5]
  • The Big Duck spent nearly 20 years, from January 1988 to 2007, away from Flanders Road at Sears Bellows County Park for restoration before the Town of Southampton moved it back.[6][8]
  • Architects Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour coined the architectural term "duck" in their 1977 book "Learning from Las Vegas," using Flanders's Big Duck — already nicknamed "The Long Island Duckling" in a 1964 book — as their defining example.[10][11]
  • The Southampton Town Police Department, which patrols Flanders, turned 75 in 2026, having grown from 9 officers at its July 1, 1951 founding to 113.[1]
  • There is no New York State Route 105 in Suffolk County; NYSDOT's official route list places NY 105 in Nassau County. What is signed "Route 105" through Flanders is Suffolk County Road 105 (Cross River Drive).[15][16]
  • A second, separate historic property called "Big Duck Ranch," at 1012 NY 24 in Flanders, had its own pending National Register nomination noticed in 2008, eleven years after the Big Duck itself.[9]

History

Flanders is an unincorporated hamlet in the Town of Southampton, tabulated by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Flanders census-designated place.[20] The town's 1918 official history traces the town's boundary along the north shore "into Flanders Bay, and thence up the Peconic River to a point almost due north of Eastport," placing the hamlet within the town's present territory.[12] By 1834 the place name was established enough to support its own federal post office, opened May 8, 1834.[14]

Long before it stood in Flanders, the hamlet's best-known landmark began about three miles away in Riverhead. Duck rancher George Pugsley had raised Pekin ducks on a West Main Street farm in Riverhead's Upper Mills section from about 1909 to 1920.[4] In 1931, near that former Pugsley farm, duck farmer Martin Maurer built a 28-foot, wood-framed concrete roadside stand shaped like a duck; local carpenter George Reeve, who lived nearby, drew the plans, and Maurer used the building to sell processed ducks and duck eggs.[5] Maurer moved the building to a ranch he purchased on Flanders Road in early 1937; the Riverhead News reported that March that "The Big Duck owned by Martin Maurer, which was a landmark on the main highway at Upper Mills, is now calmly roosting in Flanders."[5] The Big Duck operated as a poultry store into the early 1980s and closed in the fall of 1984; its new owners donated it to the county, which moved it in January 1988 to Sears Bellows County Park for restoration.[6] The Town of Southampton acquired the former Maurer ranch in 2001, and the Big Duck was moved back to the Flanders Road site in 2007; it is listed on both the National Register of Historic Places and the New York State Register of Historic Places and is a designated Southampton Town landmark.[6]

The building's move into architectural theory came under a different name. Architects Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour's 1977 book "Learning from Las Vegas" describes "the duck store in the shape of a duck, called 'The Long Island Duckling,'" as an example of a building that is "sculptural symbol and architectural shelter."[10] Elsewhere the authors define a whole category of building this way: "The duck is the special building that is a symbol; the decorated shed is the conventional shelter that applies symbols."[11] The nickname "The Long Island Duckling" itself predates the book — the authors' own illustration credits it to Peter Blake's 1964 "God's Own Junkyard" — and Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour used the Flanders building as their eponymous example when they coined "duck" as the general architectural term for symbol-shaped buildings.[11]

How the roads got here

NY 24 runs through Flanders as Flanders Road. NYSDOT's official touring-route description carries the route from Queens through Nassau County and on through Suffolk County to "Riverhead, Hampton Bays (CR 80)," placing Flanders on the route between those two points.[15] What runs through Flanders under that name is Suffolk County Road 105, "Cross River Drive," a county road running from County Road 104 (Quogue Riverhead Road/Riverleigh Avenue) to Sound Avenue.[16]

Law and legal history

A company called Flanders Associates, which owned land in the western portion of the Town of Southampton, sued to have a March 28, 1989 town resolution imposing a development moratorium in that area declared unconstitutional.[18] The Appellate Division, Second Department, affirmed dismissal of the suit in Flanders Associates v. Town of Southampton, holding the company's claims moot because a later measure, Local Law No. 25 of 1990, had exempted its property from the moratorium, and rejecting a temporary-takings theory that had never actually been pleaded in the complaint.[18]

Like many New York towns, Southampton will not answer in damages for a defective road without advance notice. Chapter 287, Article I, § 287-1 of the Town Code provides that "No civil action shall be maintained against the Town of Southampton or the Town Superintendent of Highways for damages or injuries to person or property sustained by reason of any highway, bridge or culvert being defective, out of repair, unsafe, dangerous or obstructed" unless written notice was actually given to the Town Clerk or Superintendent of Highways and a reasonable time to repair passed without action; Article II, § 287-4 applies the same rule to sidewalks.[17] The provision was originally adopted as Chapter 59, Article I of the town's 1979 code.[17]

Cases of record

Flanders Associates v. Town of Southampton, 198 A.D.2d 328, 603 N.Y.S.2d 176 (2d Dept 1993)[18]
New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, 1993. Suit by a landowner in the western portion of the Town of Southampton (the area that includes Flanders) challenging a 1989 town development moratorium.Affirmed dismissal of the complaint as moot: a 1990 local law had exempted the plaintiff's property from the moratorium, and the complaint contained no claim for a temporary-taking recovery that could survive mootness.

Each summary describes the cited decision only. Later appellate history is noted where we found it, but it has not been checked systematically — confirm a case's current status with a citator before relying on it. General information, not legal advice.

Government, courts and policing

Flanders has no government of its own; it is an unincorporated hamlet of the Town of Southampton.[20] The Southampton Town Police Department, founded July 1, 1951, has grown "from just 9 officers to 113 sworn officers" as of its 75th-anniversary observance in 2026.[1] The department "provides law enforcement services over an area of 122 square miles, in addition to the villages of North Haven and Sagaponack" — meaning it patrols the town's unincorporated hamlets, including Flanders, while incorporated villages such as Southampton Village and Westhampton Beach maintain their own separate police departments.[2] Criminal, traffic, parking and civil matters arising in Flanders go to the Southampton Town Justice Court in Hampton Bays, which processes "all criminal, civil, traffic, and parking summonses issued within the Town of Southampton."[3]

Landmarks and listed places

  • The Big Duck (Flanders Road / NY 24) — National Register of Historic Places, ref. no. 97000164 (pending-nomination notice published February 11, 1997); also listed on the New York State Register of Historic Places and designated a Southampton Town landmark[7][6]
  • Big Duck Ranch (1012 NY 24, Flanders) — National Register of Historic Places, ref. no.[9]

Flanders timeline

  1. Flanders post office established. A U.S. Post Office named Flanders was established on May 8, 1834, per the Town of Southampton's 1918 official history.[14]
  2. Pugsley duck farm on the Peconic River. George Pugsley established one of Riverhead's earliest duck farms on the Peconic River in 1892, at the mouth of Saw Mill Brook on what is now Riverside Drive, near Flanders; he later ran a separate duck farm on West Main Street where the Big Duck would eventually be built.[5]
  3. Pugsley's Pekin ducks. Duck rancher George Pugsley raised Pekin ducks on a West Main Street farm in Riverhead's Upper Mills section from about 1909 to 1920, according to a 2019 historical marker at the site.[4]
  4. The Big Duck built. Duck farmer Martin Maurer built the 28-foot, wood-framed concrete Big Duck roadside stand at Upper Mills in Riverhead in 1931; local carpenter George Reeve drew the building's plans.[5]
  5. Big Duck moved to Flanders. Maurer moved the Big Duck to a ranch he had purchased on Flanders Road; the Riverhead News reported on March 12, 1937 that the building was "now calmly roosting in Flanders."[5]
  6. Southampton Town Police founded. The Southampton Town Police Department was founded July 1, 1951, with 9 officers.[1]
  7. Big Duck moved to Sears Bellows County Park. Suffolk County moved the Big Duck in January 1988 to Sears Bellows County Park, farther east on Flanders Road, where it was repaired and restored.[6]
  8. Big Duck NRHP nomination noticed. The National Park Service published a Federal Register notice of the Big Duck's pending National Register nomination ("NY 24, NW of jct. with Bellows Pond Rd., Town of Southampton, Flanders vicinity"), NRHP reference No. 97000164.[7]
  9. Town acquires former Maurer ranch. The Town of Southampton acquired the former Maurer ranch property on Flanders Road in 2001.[6]
  10. Big Duck returns to Flanders Road. The Big Duck was moved back to its former Flanders Road site in 2007; a Federal Register notice published October 9, 2007 recorded a pending request to move the NRHP-listed building.[6][8]
  11. Big Duck Ranch NRHP nomination noticed. A separate property, "Big Duck Ranch" at 1012 NY 24 in Flanders, had its own pending National Register nomination noticed in the Federal Register, NRHP reference No. 08000866.[9]

Major roads in Flanders

RoadRouteMaintained byIn Flanders
Flanders Road [15] NY 24 New York State (NYSDOT) runs through
Cross River Drive [16] Suffolk CR 105 Suffolk County runs through, connecting to Riverhead
Long Neck Boulevard [15][16] local road, no state or county designation found Not affirmatively confirmed; absent from both the NYSDOT touring-route list and the Suffolk County road list, consistent with town-road status runs through

Emergency Resources

Hospitals

  • Stony Brook Southampton Hospital — 240 Meeting House Lane, Southampton, NY 11968 — (631) 726-8200 (The Town of Southampton's other main hospital, farther from Flanders than Peconic Bay Medical Center.)

Police

  • Southampton Town Police Department — 110 Old Riverhead Road, Hampton Bays, NY 11946 — (631) 728-5000 (Town-wide agency patrolling the unincorporated hamlets of Southampton, including Flanders; incorporated villages within the town (e.g. Southampton Village, Westhampton Beach) have separate police departments. Emergencies: 911.)

Courts

  • Southampton Town Justice Court — 32 Jackson Ave., Hampton Bays, NY 11946 — (631) 702-2990 (Hears criminal, civil, traffic and parking matters arising within the Town of Southampton, including Flanders.)

Local Driver Services in Flanders

Practical resources for Flanders drivers — tire shops, gas prices, and live traffic conditions.

Gas Prices Cheapest Gas in Flanders Updated daily from station feeds Construction Active Long Island Construction Live work-zone directory Live Map Real-time Long Island Traffic Accidents, closures, and weather

Safety Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I do after a car accident in Flanders, NY?

Move to safety and call 911 immediately, then document the scene with photos and exchange insurance and contact information with everyone involved. File a police report with SCPD and notify your insurer promptly. New York is a no-fault state, so your own PIP coverage pays initial medical costs regardless of fault, and you have just 30 days to file the NF-2 application.

Which roads are most dangerous in Flanders?

Flanders Road and Route 105 carry the heaviest traffic through Flanders and account for most of the reported crashes we track. Flanders Road (NY 24) approaching the Riverhead traffic circle — a high-volume seasonal chokepoint. Commercial driveways, signalized intersections, and turning movements along these corridors drive the local crash mix.

How current are these Flanders accident reports?

Long Island Traffic adds new reports every 2–4 hours from 511NY, NYS Police Troop L, SCPD, and verified local news. Scroll up for the latest Flanders and Suffolk County incidents, and check the "Dangerous Roads" section for corridor-level breakdowns.

Do I need a lawyer after a Flanders accident?

If you suffered serious injuries, significant property damage, or the other driver was uninsured, consulting a Suffolk County personal injury attorney is strongly recommended. Many firms offer free consultations and work on contingency. See our free guides at /know-your-rights/car-accidents/ and /know-your-rights/insurance-claims/.

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Data: machine-readable fact sheet (JSON) · fatal-crash records (CSV) · methodology and limits

References

Datasets

  1. [A] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 2010–2024 national files. Retrieved September 17, 2026.Crashes on public trafficways in which a person died within 30 days. No personal identifiers. Placed by reported coordinates into 2020 Census boundaries.
  2. [B] U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-Year Estimates, tables B08303, B08013, B08301, B08302, B08201, B19013, B01002. Retrieved September 17, 2026.Survey estimates with 90% margins of error. lowReliability = coefficient of variation above 30%.
  3. [C] U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb — 2020 Census tabulation geography (POP100, HU100, AREALAND). Retrieved September 17, 2026.
  4. [D] New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Crashes — Case Information: Four Year Window. Retrieved September 17, 2026.Police-reported crashes coded to a town, city or village by the reporting agency. Hamlets are not coded; hamlet pages show the parent town.

Sources for history, roads and law

  1. [1] Town of Southampton, NY. Police (department homepage, news items) (2026). Government record.
  2. [2] Town of Southampton, NY. Police: About Us (2026). Government record.
  3. [3] Town of Southampton, NY. Justice Court (2026). Government record.
  4. [4] William G. Pomeroy Foundation. Early Duck Farm (historical marker) (2019). Historical society.
  5. [5] RiverheadLOCAL. Memorializing the Big Duck's original roost in Riverhead (2020). News report.
  6. [6] RiverheadLOCAL. Memorializing the Big Duck's original roost in Riverhead (later history) (2020). News report.
  7. [7] National Park Service / Federal Register. National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations (New York, Suffolk County entry: Big Duck) (1997). Government record.
  8. [8] National Park Service / Federal Register. National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions (Big Duck: request to MOVE) (2007). Government record.
  9. [9] National Park Service / Federal Register. National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions (Big Duck Ranch) (2008). Government record.
  10. [10] Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, Steven Izenour / The MIT Press. Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form (1977 MIT Press edition), p. 8 (1977). Book.
  11. [11] Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, Steven Izenour / The MIT Press. Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form (1977 MIT Press edition), "The Duck and the Decorated Shed" chapter (1977). Book.
  12. [12] James Truslow Adams (Town of Southampton's official historian). History of the Town of Southampton (1918), Chapter I (1918). Book.
  13. [14] James Truslow Adams (Town of Southampton's official historian). History of the Town of Southampton (1918), post-office establishment dates (footnote) (1918). Book.
  14. [15] New York State Department of Transportation, Office of Traffic Safety & Mobility. Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycle Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State (2017). Government record.
  15. [16] Suffolk County Department of Public Works. Suffolk County Roads List (county roadway designations and limits) (n.d.). Government record.
  16. [17] Town of Southampton, NY (hosted on ecode360.com). Southampton Town Code, Chapter 287, Article I, § 287-1, "Liability of Town; prior notice required" (2026). Government record.
  17. [18] New York State Law Reporting Bureau (via Caselaw Access Project static mirror). Flanders Associates v. Town of Southampton, 198 A.D.2d 328 (2d Dept 1993) (1993). Court decision.
  18. [20] U.S. Census Bureau. 2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Places, New York (2020_gaz_place_36.txt) (2020). Government record.
  19. [21] Stony Brook Medicine. Stony Brook Southampton Hospital (home page) (2026). Academic.

Sources opened and checked September 17, 2026.