{
  "name": "Holtsville, New York",
  "url": "https://longislandtraffic.com/towns/suffolk/holtsville/",
  "updated": "2026-09-17",
  "publisher": "Long Island Traffic (https://longislandtraffic.com)",
  "methodology": "https://longislandtraffic.com/towns/methodology/",
  "reuse": "Quote with credit and a link to the page URL above. Underlying federal and state datasets are public records.",
  "geography": {
    "slug": "holtsville",
    "county": "suffolk",
    "censusName": "Holtsville CDP",
    "geoType": "census-designated place",
    "legalStatus": "hamlet (unincorporated)",
    "geoid": "3635254",
    "gnisId": "2389946",
    "pop2020": 18937,
    "housingUnits2020": 6646,
    "landSqMi": 7.11,
    "waterSqMi": 0,
    "densityPerSqMi": 2664,
    "internalPoint": [
      40.81237,
      -73.04465
    ],
    "parentTown": "Islip town",
    "parentTownGeoid": "3610338000",
    "townShares": [
      {
        "name": "Brookhaven town",
        "share": 0.889
      },
      {
        "name": "Islip town",
        "share": 0.111
      }
    ]
  },
  "fatalCrashes2010to2024": {
    "period": "2010–2024",
    "crashes": 31,
    "deaths": 35,
    "pedestrianDeaths": 8,
    "bicyclistDeaths": 2,
    "motorcyclistDeaths": 9,
    "crashesWithDriverBac08": 3,
    "multiFatalityCrashes": 3,
    "onLimitedAccessHighways": {
      "crashes": 6,
      "deaths": 7
    },
    "deathsPer100kResidentsPerYear": 12.3,
    "byYear": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "crashes": 4,
        "deaths": 4
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "crashes": 0,
        "deaths": 0
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "crashes": 3,
        "deaths": 3
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "crashes": 4,
        "deaths": 7
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "crashes": 7,
        "deaths": 8
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      }
    ],
    "byTimeOfDay": {
      "known": 31,
      "morning6to10": 2,
      "midday10to16": 4,
      "evening16to20": 7,
      "night20to6": 18
    },
    "darkShare": 0.645,
    "topRoads": [
      {
        "name": "North Ocean Avenue / Patchogue–Mount Sinai Road (CR 83)",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 11,
        "deaths": 11
      },
      {
        "name": "Long Island Expressway (I-495)",
        "slug": "lie",
        "crashes": 6,
        "deaths": 7
      },
      {
        "name": "Nicolls Road (CR 97)",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 3,
        "deaths": 5
      },
      {
        "name": "N Ocean Ave",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "name": "NY 906A",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "name": "Union Ave",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "name": "Lakeside Dr",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "name": "Horseblock Rd (CR 16)",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      }
    ],
    "roadOwnership": {
      "period": "2015–2024",
      "crashes": 25,
      "owners": [
        {
          "owner": "County Highway Agency",
          "crashes": 14
        },
        {
          "owner": "State Highway Agency",
          "crashes": 6
        },
        {
          "owner": "Town or Township Highway Agency",
          "crashes": 5
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "allReportedCrashes": {
    "years": [
      "2021",
      "2022",
      "2023",
      "2024"
    ],
    "scope": "parent-town",
    "municipalityCode": "ISLIP",
    "label": "Town of Islip",
    "total": 35004,
    "fatal": 128,
    "injury": 10222,
    "propertyDamageOnly": 24654,
    "byYear": {
      "2021": 8654,
      "2022": 8292,
      "2023": 8881,
      "2024": 9177
    },
    "pedestrian": 422,
    "bicyclist": 335,
    "deer": 91,
    "otherAnimal": 177
  },
  "commute": {
    "workers16plus": 10565,
    "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 9606,
    "meanTravelMinutes": {
      "value": 32.9,
      "moe": 5.4,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pct60MinPlus": {
      "value": 15.3,
      "moe": 3.8,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pct90MinPlus": {
      "value": 8.9,
      "moe": 3.4,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctUnder15Min": {
      "value": 18.6,
      "moe": 2.9,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctDroveAlone": {
      "value": 75.6,
      "moe": 3.6,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctCarpooled": {
      "value": 7,
      "moe": 3.4,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctPublicTransit": {
      "value": 6,
      "moe": 2.8,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctCommuterRail": {
      "value": 5.6,
      "moe": 2.6,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctBus": {
      "value": 0,
      "moe": 0.1,
      "lowReliability": true
    },
    "pctWalked": {
      "value": 0.5,
      "moe": 0.6,
      "lowReliability": true
    },
    "pctBicycle": {
      "value": 0,
      "moe": 0.2,
      "lowReliability": true
    },
    "pctWorkedFromHome": {
      "value": 9.1,
      "moe": 1.8,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
      "value": 10.9,
      "moe": 3.1,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
      "value": 30.3,
      "moe": 4,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "households": 6480,
    "pctNoVehicle": {
      "value": 2.4,
      "moe": 1.2,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
      "value": 30.4,
      "moe": 4.4,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "medianHouseholdIncome": {
      "value": 133679,
      "moe": 15146
    },
    "medianAge": {
      "value": 38.9,
      "moe": 1.7
    }
  },
  "benchmarks": {
    "county": {
      "workers16plus": 766432,
      "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 674118,
      "meanTravelMinutes": {
        "value": 31.1,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct60MinPlus": {
        "value": 14.1,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct90MinPlus": {
        "value": 6.5,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctUnder15Min": {
        "value": 22.8,
        "moe": 0.6,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctDroveAlone": {
        "value": 72.1,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCarpooled": {
        "value": 7.5,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctPublicTransit": {
        "value": 4.8,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCommuterRail": {
        "value": 3.2,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBus": {
        "value": 0.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWalked": {
        "value": 1.4,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBicycle": {
        "value": 0.2,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWorkedFromHome": {
        "value": 12,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
        "value": 12,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
        "value": 30.2,
        "moe": 0.6,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "households": 512565,
      "pctNoVehicle": {
        "value": 5.1,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
        "value": 28.8,
        "moe": 0.5,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "medianHouseholdIncome": {
        "value": 130686,
        "moe": 1707
      },
      "medianAge": {
        "value": 41.7,
        "moe": 0.2
      }
    },
    "state": {
      "workers16plus": 9306567,
      "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 7916632,
      "meanTravelMinutes": {
        "value": 32.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct60MinPlus": {
        "value": 16.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct90MinPlus": {
        "value": 5.3,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctUnder15Min": {
        "value": 20.5,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctDroveAlone": {
        "value": 48.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCarpooled": {
        "value": 6.3,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctPublicTransit": {
        "value": 21.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCommuterRail": {
        "value": 1.8,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBus": {
        "value": 5.1,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWalked": {
        "value": 5.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBicycle": {
        "value": 0.8,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWorkedFromHome": {
        "value": 14.9,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
        "value": 10.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
        "value": 26.3,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "households": 7722646,
      "pctNoVehicle": {
        "value": 29.2,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
        "value": 11.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "medianHouseholdIncome": {
        "value": 85974,
        "moe": 402
      },
      "medianAge": {
        "value": 39.8,
        "moe": 0.1
      }
    },
    "nation": {
      "workers16plus": 159114094,
      "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 135071605,
      "meanTravelMinutes": {
        "value": 26.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct60MinPlus": {
        "value": 8.6,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct90MinPlus": {
        "value": 2.7,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctUnder15Min": {
        "value": 26,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctDroveAlone": {
        "value": 68.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCarpooled": {
        "value": 8.5,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctPublicTransit": {
        "value": 3.2,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCommuterRail": {
        "value": 0.3,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBus": {
        "value": 1.5,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWalked": {
        "value": 2.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBicycle": {
        "value": 0.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWorkedFromHome": {
        "value": 15.1,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
        "value": 14.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
        "value": 32.5,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "households": 129227496,
      "pctNoVehicle": {
        "value": 8.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
        "value": 21.9,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "medianHouseholdIncome": {
        "value": 80734,
        "moe": 166
      },
      "medianAge": {
        "value": 38.9,
        "moe": 0.1
      }
    }
  },
  "research": {
    "researchedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "identity": {
      "officialName": "Holtsville",
      "placeType": "hamlet and census-designated place",
      "parentTown": "Town of Brookhaven",
      "alsoIn": [
        "Town of Islip (western edge)"
      ],
      "formerNames": [
        {
          "name": "Waverly Station",
          "note": "The railroad settlement was called Waverly; the 1874 county history describes \"Waverly Station on the L. I. Railroad ... containing a school, a store, and Holtsville Post-office,\" and the 1882 county history heads its entry \"HOLTSVILLE, or Waverly Station.\" The name survives in Waverly Avenue (CR 61) and in the Waverly Avenue School.",
          "src": [
            2,
            5
          ]
        }
      ],
      "nameOrigin": null,
      "founded": null,
      "incorporated": null,
      "gnisId": null,
      "wikidataId": null
    },
    "quickFacts": [
      {
        "label": "Legal status",
        "value": "Unincorporated hamlet of the Town of Brookhaven, with a western edge in the Town of Islip; no village government, no town police force, no town justice court",
        "src": [
          12,
          14
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Prior written notice law",
        "value": "Town of Brookhaven Code § 84-1, \"Written notice required\" (Chapter 84, Notice of Defective or Dangerous Conditions); Town of Islip Code § 47A-3 on the Islip side",
        "src": [
          12,
          13
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Courts",
        "value": "Suffolk County District Court, Sixth District (Brookhaven), 150 West Main Street, Patchogue — including the Brookhaven Town Ordinance calendars",
        "src": [
          15
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Federal presence",
        "value": "The IRS lists a \"Holtsville, NY Internal Revenue Service Center\" among its campuses on its own notice-response page",
        "src": [
          7
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "School district",
        "value": "Sachem Central School District; Holtsville \"formed its own school district on May 18, 1857\" and centralized into Sachem on April 21, 1955",
        "src": [
          5
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Ecology site",
        "value": "Holtsville Ecology Site and Animal Preserve, 249 Buckley Road — a former town landfill, \"carefully rehabilitated since its closure in 1974\"",
        "src": [
          6
        ]
      }
    ],
    "timeline": [
      {
        "date": "1857-05-18",
        "label": "Holtsville school district formed",
        "text": "The Sachem district records that Holtsville formed its own school district on May 18, 1857.",
        "src": [
          5
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1876-07-02",
        "label": "Waverly Baptist church organized",
        "text": "The 1882 county history records the church organized with 19 members.",
        "src": [
          4
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1929",
        "label": "Waverly Avenue School built",
        "text": "Students from Holtsville and Farmingville came to share the Waverly Avenue School.",
        "src": [
          5
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1955-04-21",
        "label": "Sachem centralization",
        "text": "Voters from Farmingville/Holtsville, Holbrook and Lake Ronkonkoma formed the central district later named Sachem.",
        "src": [
          5
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1974",
        "label": "Landfill closed",
        "text": "The Town of Brookhaven says the Holtsville site has been rehabilitated since the landfill's closure in 1974; it is now the Ecology Site and Animal Preserve.",
        "src": [
          6
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "history",
        "heading": "History",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Eight years later the 1882 county history had reversed the order of the names, heading its entry \"HOLTSVILLE, or Waverly Station, is a small hamlet on the Long Island Railroad about four miles south of Selden.\"[2] Both names are still on the ground: the post-office name became the hamlet's, while the station name survives in Waverly Avenue and the Waverly Avenue School.[5][10]",
          "The place mattered out of proportion to its size because of what met there. The 1882 history explains that \"When the old Long Island Railroad monopolized the travel over the island this was an important point on account of the stage connections with Port Jefferson, Patchogue and other villages\" — Holtsville was where rail passengers transferred to the stages for the North and South Shores.[3] Local institutions followed slowly: \"The Waverly Baptist church was organized July 2nd 1876, with 19 members,\" and had no regular minister after its first pastor's three and a half years.[4]",
          "Schooling here has a documented nineteenth-century start and a mid-twentieth-century end. The Sachem Central School District records that \"Holtsville formed its own school district on May 18, 1857, four years before the start of the Civil War,\" that \"Eventually all students in both Holtsville and Farmingville attended the Waverly Avenue School, which was built in 1929,\" and that \"On April 21, 1955, citizens from Farmingville/Holtsville, Holbrook, and Lake Ronkonkoma school districts voted to form a central school district, later named Sachem.\"[5]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "roads",
        "heading": "How the roads got here",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Holtsville's road network is unusually county-heavy. Suffolk County's roads list carries CR 97 as \"Nicolls Road,\" running from \"CR 85, Montauk Hwy to NYS RT 25A\" — the north-south spine from the South Shore to Stony Brook that crosses the Long Island Expressway just west of the hamlet.[8] CR 99 is \"Woodside Avenue,\" running \"CR 19, Patchogue Holbrook Rd to CR 16, Horseblock Rd,\" and CR 61 is a separate \"Waverly Avenue\" segment running from Patchogue-Holbrook Road to the Woodside Avenue ramp.[9][10] Waverly Avenue thus preserves, as a county route number, the name the hamlet itself shed.[10]",
          "The state layer is I-495, which the New York State Department of Transportation describes running from the \"Queens-Midtown Tunnel on Long Island Expressway\" east \"to Riverhead (NY 25).\"[11] The Expressway runs through the hamlet, and its service roads and the Nicolls Road interchange are the reason Holtsville functions as a distribution point today much as it did as a stage-transfer point in the 1880s.[3][8][11]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "heading": "Law and legal history",
        "paragraphs": [
          "A road or sidewalk claim in Holtsville runs into one of the strictest prior-written-notice laws on Long Island. Chapter 84 of the Code of the Town of Brookhaven is titled \"Notice of Defective or Dangerous Conditions,\" and § 84-1 provides that \"No civil action shall be commenced against the Town of Brookhaven or the Superintendent of Highways for damages or injuries to persons\" or property over a defective, out-of-repair, unsafe, dangerous or obstructed highway, street, bridge, culvert, crosswalk or pedestrian walkway unless written notice was given beforehand \"identifying with particularity the specific nature and location of each\" condition, \"by a person with firsthand knowledge of the condition complained of,\" served on the Town Clerk or Superintendent of Highways \"by personal service or service by registered or certified mail actually received\" by that officer.[12] Subsection B forecloses the usual workarounds: absent that written notice, no claim may be maintained on the theory that the defect existed long enough that it should have been discovered, or that a town employee had actual notice of it.[12] On the Islip side of the hamlet the equivalent rule is Town of Islip Code § 47A-3, which requires that notice \"was actually given to the Town Clerk or Commissioner of Public Works.\"[13]",
          "Holtsville's cases are heard in Patchogue and Central Islip. The Unified Court System's history of the Suffolk County District Court records that the court \"became operational in January 1964,\" replacing the justice courts of the five western towns, and that \"Sixth District Court encompasses the town of Brookhaven.\"[14] The Sixth District sits at \"Suffolk County Sixth District Court 150 West Main Street Patchogue NY 11772,\" where the \"Brookhaven Town Ordinance calendars\" — the code-enforcement prosecutions brought by the Town Attorney — are called.[15] Criminal matters go to the District Court's building in the John P. Cohalan, Jr. Court Complex at 400 Carleton Avenue, Central Islip.[22]",
          "Holtsville is also a federal address. The Internal Revenue Service's own guidance for taxpayers responding to a CP2000 notice lists a \"Holtsville, NY Internal Revenue Service Center\" among the campuses that issue those notices, with a Holtsville fax line at 877-477-9599.[7]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "government",
        "heading": "Government, courts and policing",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Holtsville has no government of its own. Local streets on the Brookhaven side are maintained by the Town of Brookhaven Highway Department, which the Town calls \"one of the largest in the State of New York, behind only the New York State Department of Transportation and the New York City Department of Transportation,\" with a Superintendent \"charged with maintaining more than 3,500 lane miles of roadway within the Town of Brookhaven.\"[19]",
          "The same department runs the hamlet's best-known public place. The Town's page for the Holtsville Ecology Site and Animal Preserve, at 249 Buckley Road, states: \"Once a landfill, this site has been carefully rehabilitated since its closure in 1974,\" and credits \"the efforts of the Town of Brookhaven Highway Department\" for turning \"what was once a waste dump\" into a recreational and educational facility with a pool complex, exercise trail, greenhouses, free compost and an animal preserve.[6]",
          "Policing is by the Suffolk County Police Department. The Sixth Precinct \"protects and serves several hamlets and incorporated villages within the Town of Brookhaven (North)\" from \"6th Precinct 400 Middle County Rd, Selden\"; the Fifth Precinct covers \"the southern portion of Brookhaven Town, the eastern portion of Islip Town\" from 125 Waverly Avenue in Patchogue.[16][18][17]"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "legalCases": [],
    "landmarks": [
      {
        "name": "Holtsville Ecology Site and Animal Preserve, 249 Buckley Road",
        "designation": "Town of Brookhaven facility built on a landfill closed in 1974; run by the Town Highway Department",
        "src": [
          6
        ]
      }
    ],
    "notableFacts": [
      {
        "text": "Before the railroads branched out, Holtsville was where passengers changed for the stages: an 1882 history calls it \"an important point on account of the stage connections with Port Jefferson, Patchogue and other villages.\"",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "Holtsville formed its own school district on May 18, 1857, four years before the Civil War began.",
        "src": [
          5
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "The Waverly Baptist church was organized on July 2, 1876 with 19 members.",
        "src": [
          4
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "The Holtsville Ecology Site and Animal Preserve at 249 Buckley Road sits on a town landfill that closed in 1974.",
        "src": [
          6
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "Suffolk County Road 61 is still called Waverly Avenue — the county route number preserves the hamlet's abandoned railroad name.",
        "src": [
          10
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "The Internal Revenue Service lists a \"Holtsville, NY Internal Revenue Service Center\" among the campuses that issue CP2000 notices.",
        "src": [
          7
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "The Brookhaven Highway Superintendent maintains more than 3,500 lane miles of road — a department the Town says is one of the largest in New York State.",
        "src": [
          19
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": 2,
        "title": "History of Suffolk County, New York (Holtsville)",
        "publisher": "W. W. Munsell & Co., via Internet Archive",
        "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924028834848/cu31924028834848_djvu.txt",
        "year": "1882",
        "type": "book"
      },
      {
        "id": 3,
        "title": "History of Suffolk County, New York (Holtsville's stage connections)",
        "publisher": "W. W. Munsell & Co., via Internet Archive",
        "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924028834848/cu31924028834848_djvu.txt",
        "year": "1882",
        "type": "book"
      },
      {
        "id": 4,
        "title": "History of Suffolk County, New York (Waverly Baptist church)",
        "publisher": "W. W. Munsell & Co., via Internet Archive",
        "url": "https://archive.org/download/cu31924028834848/cu31924028834848_djvu.txt",
        "year": "1882",
        "type": "book"
      },
      {
        "id": 5,
        "title": "About Us — Sachem Central School District",
        "publisher": "Sachem Central School District",
        "url": "https://www.sachem.edu/about-us",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 6,
        "title": "Holtsville Ecology Site",
        "publisher": "Town of Brookhaven (archived)",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250501064120/https://www.brookhavenny.gov/197/Holtsville-Ecology-Site",
        "year": "2025",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 7,
        "title": "Understanding your CP2000 series notice",
        "publisher": "Internal Revenue Service",
        "url": "https://www.irs.gov/individuals/understanding-your-cp2000-series-notice",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 8,
        "title": "Suffolk County Roads List (CR 97)",
        "publisher": "Suffolk County Department of Public Works",
        "url": "https://www.suffolkcountyny.gov/Portals/0/formsdocs/publicworks/PDF/Suffolk%20County%20Roads%20List.pdf",
        "year": "2020",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 9,
        "title": "Suffolk County Roads List (CR 99)",
        "publisher": "Suffolk County Department of Public Works",
        "url": "https://www.suffolkcountyny.gov/Portals/0/formsdocs/publicworks/PDF/Suffolk%20County%20Roads%20List.pdf",
        "year": "2020",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 10,
        "title": "Suffolk County Roads List (CR 61)",
        "publisher": "Suffolk County Department of Public Works",
        "url": "https://www.suffolkcountyny.gov/Portals/0/formsdocs/publicworks/PDF/Suffolk%20County%20Roads%20List.pdf",
        "year": "2020",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 11,
        "title": "Official Description of Highway Touring Routes ... (I 495)",
        "publisher": "New York State Department of Transportation",
        "url": "https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/oom/transportation-systems/repository/2017%20tour-bk.pdf",
        "year": "2017",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 12,
        "title": "Code of the Town of Brookhaven § 84-1, Written notice required",
        "publisher": "Town of Brookhaven / eCode360 (archived)",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524200857/https://ecode360.com/8596414",
        "year": "2024",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 13,
        "title": "Code of the Town of Islip § 47A-3, Liability of Town",
        "publisher": "Town of Islip / eCode360 (archived)",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160925071405/http://ecode360.com/6509628",
        "year": "2016",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 14,
        "title": "History and Organization of Suffolk District Court",
        "publisher": "New York State Unified Court System (archived)",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221210061258/https://ww2.nycourts.gov/courts/10jd/suffolk/dist/history.shtml",
        "year": "2022",
        "type": "court"
      },
      {
        "id": 15,
        "title": "Brookhaven Town Ordinance — Suffolk County Sixth District Court",
        "publisher": "New York State Unified Court System (archived)",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210812032358/http://ww2.nycourts.gov/courts/10jd/suffolk/dist/6townordinance.shtml",
        "year": "2021",
        "type": "court"
      },
      {
        "id": 16,
        "title": "Sixth Precinct",
        "publisher": "Suffolk County Police Department",
        "url": "https://www.suffolkpd.org/Precincts-and-Specialized-Units/Precincts/Sixth-Precinct",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 17,
        "title": "Fifth Precinct",
        "publisher": "Suffolk County Police Department",
        "url": "https://www.suffolkpd.org/Precincts-and-Specialized-Units/Precincts/Fifth-Precinct",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 18,
        "title": "Phone Directory — Precinct Front Desks",
        "publisher": "Suffolk County Police Department",
        "url": "https://www.suffolkpd.org/Contact-Us/Phone-Directory",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 19,
        "title": "Highway Department",
        "publisher": "Town of Brookhaven",
        "url": "https://www.brookhavenny.gov/173/Highway-Department",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 20,
        "title": "New York State Trauma Centers (Suffolk County rows)",
        "publisher": "New York State Department of Health",
        "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/ems/state_trauma/trauma2.htm",
        "year": "2025",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 21,
        "title": "NYU Langone Hospital—Suffolk",
        "publisher": "NYU Langone Health",
        "url": "https://www.nyulangone.org/locations/nyu-langone-hospital-suffolk",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "institution"
      },
      {
        "id": 22,
        "title": "10th JD — Suffolk County",
        "publisher": "New York State Unified Court System (archived)",
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250207011125/https://ww2.nycourts.gov/courts/10jd/suffolk/index.shtml",
        "year": "2024",
        "type": "court"
      }
    ]
  },
  "dataSources": {
    "census2020": {
      "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb — 2020 Census tabulation geography (POP100, HU100, AREALAND)",
      "url": "https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/tigerWMS_Census2020/MapServer",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
    },
    "acs": {
      "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-Year Estimates, tables B08303, B08013, B08301, B08302, B08201, B19013, B01002",
      "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/",
      "period": "2020–2024",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17",
      "note": "Survey estimates with 90% margins of error. lowReliability = coefficient of variation above 30%."
    },
    "fars": {
      "name": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 2010–2024 national files",
      "url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/file-downloads?p=nhtsa/downloads/FARS/",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17",
      "preliminaryYears": [
        2024
      ],
      "note": "Crashes on public trafficways in which a person died within 30 days. No personal identifiers. Placed by reported coordinates into 2020 Census boundaries."
    },
    "nys": {
      "name": "New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Crashes — Case Information: Four Year Window",
      "url": "https://data.ny.gov/Transportation/Motor-Vehicle-Crashes-Case-Information-Four-Year-W/e8ky-4vqe",
      "period": "2021–2024",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17",
      "note": "Police-reported crashes coded to a town, city or village by the reporting agency. Hamlets are not coded; hamlet pages show the parent town."
    }
  }
}