{ "name": "Malverne, New York", "url": "https://longislandtraffic.com/towns/nassau/malverne/", "updated": "2026-09-17", "publisher": "Long Island Traffic (https://longislandtraffic.com)", "methodology": "https://longislandtraffic.com/towns/methodology/", "reuse": "Quote with credit and a link to the page URL above. Underlying federal and state datasets are public records.", "geography": { "slug": "malverne", "county": "nassau", "censusName": "Malverne village", "geoType": "incorporated place", "legalStatus": "village", "geoid": "3644787", "gnisId": "2390958", "pop2020": 8560, "housingUnits2020": 3159, "landSqMi": 1.06, "waterSqMi": 0, "densityPerSqMi": 8091, "internalPoint": [ 40.67454, -73.6721 ], "parentTown": "Hempstead town", "parentTownGeoid": "3605934000", "townShares": [ { "name": "Hempstead town", "share": 1 } ] }, "fatalCrashes2010to2024": { "period": "2010–2024", "crashes": 3, "deaths": 3, "pedestrianDeaths": 3, "bicyclistDeaths": 0, "motorcyclistDeaths": 0, "crashesWithDriverBac08": 0, "multiFatalityCrashes": 0, "onLimitedAccessHighways": { "crashes": 1, "deaths": 1 }, "deathsPer100kResidentsPerYear": 2.3, "byYear": [ { "year": 2010, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2011, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2012, "crashes": 1, "deaths": 1 }, { "year": 2013, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2014, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2015, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2016, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2017, "crashes": 2, "deaths": 2 }, { "year": 2018, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2019, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2020, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2021, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2022, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2023, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 }, { "year": 2024, "crashes": 0, "deaths": 0 } ], "byTimeOfDay": { "known": 3, "morning6to10": 0, "midday10to16": 0, "evening16to20": 1, "night20to6": 2 }, "darkShare": 0.667, "topRoads": [ { "name": "Franklin Ave", "slug": null, "crashes": 1, "deaths": 1 }, { "name": "Southern State Parkway", "slug": "southern-state-parkway", "crashes": 1, "deaths": 1 }, { "name": "Johnson Ave", "slug": null, "crashes": 1, "deaths": 1 } ], "roadOwnership": { "period": "2015–2024", "crashes": 2, "owners": [ { "owner": "Town or Township Highway Agency", "crashes": 1 }, { "owner": "State Highway Agency", "crashes": 1 } ] } }, "allReportedCrashes": { "years": [ "2021", "2022", "2023", "2024" ], "scope": "village", "municipalityCode": "MALVERNE", "label": "Village of Malverne", "total": 407, "fatal": 0, "injury": 106, "propertyDamageOnly": 301, "byYear": { "2021": 86, "2022": 99, "2023": 130, "2024": 92 }, "pedestrian": 11, "bicyclist": 7, "deer": 0, "otherAnimal": 1 }, "commute": { "workers16plus": 4508, "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 3615, "meanTravelMinutes": { "value": 33.3, "moe": 5.5, "lowReliability": false }, "pct60MinPlus": { "value": 19.3, "moe": 5.8, "lowReliability": false }, "pct90MinPlus": { "value": 4, "moe": 2.2, "lowReliability": true }, "pctUnder15Min": { "value": 15.8, "moe": 4.5, "lowReliability": false }, "pctDroveAlone": { "value": 68.5, "moe": 6.3, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCarpooled": { "value": 3.4, "moe": 2.4, "lowReliability": true }, "pctPublicTransit": { "value": 6, "moe": 2.8, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCommuterRail": { "value": 3, "moe": 1.7, "lowReliability": true }, "pctBus": { "value": 0.2, "moe": 0.6, "lowReliability": true }, "pctWalked": { "value": 0.6, "moe": 0.6, "lowReliability": true }, "pctBicycle": { "value": 0, "moe": 0.4, "lowReliability": true }, "pctWorkedFromHome": { "value": 19.8, "moe": 6.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore6am": { "value": 9.1, "moe": 4.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore7am": { "value": 27.2, "moe": 7.5, "lowReliability": false }, "households": 3017, "pctNoVehicle": { "value": 1.8, "moe": 1.3, "lowReliability": true }, "pctThreePlusVehicles": { "value": 25.2, "moe": 6.8, "lowReliability": false }, "medianHouseholdIncome": { "value": 149489, "moe": 18549 }, "medianAge": { "value": 45.3, "moe": 3.2 } }, "benchmarks": { "county": { "workers16plus": 679059, "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 573233, "meanTravelMinutes": { "value": 36, "moe": 0.5, "lowReliability": false }, "pct60MinPlus": { "value": 22.3, "moe": 0.5, "lowReliability": false }, "pct90MinPlus": { "value": 7.6, "moe": 0.3, "lowReliability": false }, "pctUnder15Min": { "value": 17.9, "moe": 0.5, "lowReliability": false }, "pctDroveAlone": { "value": 60.7, "moe": 0.5, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCarpooled": { "value": 7.3, "moe": 0.3, "lowReliability": false }, "pctPublicTransit": { "value": 12.5, "moe": 0.4, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCommuterRail": { "value": 7.1, "moe": 0.3, "lowReliability": false }, "pctBus": { "value": 2.2, "moe": 0.2, "lowReliability": false }, "pctWalked": { "value": 2, "moe": 0.2, "lowReliability": false }, "pctBicycle": { "value": 0.2, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctWorkedFromHome": { "value": 15.6, "moe": 0.4, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore6am": { "value": 10.8, "moe": 0.4, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore7am": { "value": 26.6, "moe": 0.6, "lowReliability": false }, "households": 458166, "pctNoVehicle": { "value": 6.8, "moe": 0.3, "lowReliability": false }, "pctThreePlusVehicles": { "value": 23.3, "moe": 0.5, "lowReliability": false }, "medianHouseholdIncome": { "value": 146202, "moe": 1472 }, "medianAge": { "value": 42, "moe": 0.2 } }, "state": { "workers16plus": 9306567, "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 7916632, "meanTravelMinutes": { "value": 32.6, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pct60MinPlus": { "value": 16.8, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pct90MinPlus": { "value": 5.3, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctUnder15Min": { "value": 20.5, "moe": 0.2, "lowReliability": false }, "pctDroveAlone": { "value": 48.8, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCarpooled": { "value": 6.3, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctPublicTransit": { "value": 21.6, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCommuterRail": { "value": 1.8, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctBus": { "value": 5.1, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctWalked": { "value": 5.6, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctBicycle": { "value": 0.8, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctWorkedFromHome": { "value": 14.9, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore6am": { "value": 10.6, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore7am": { "value": 26.3, "moe": 0.2, "lowReliability": false }, "households": 7722646, "pctNoVehicle": { "value": 29.2, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctThreePlusVehicles": { "value": 11.8, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "medianHouseholdIncome": { "value": 85974, "moe": 402 }, "medianAge": { "value": 39.8, "moe": 0.1 } }, "nation": { "workers16plus": 159114094, "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 135071605, "meanTravelMinutes": { "value": 26.4, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pct60MinPlus": { "value": 8.6, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pct90MinPlus": { "value": 2.7, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctUnder15Min": { "value": 26, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctDroveAlone": { "value": 68.8, "moe": 0.1, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCarpooled": { "value": 8.5, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctPublicTransit": { "value": 3.2, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctCommuterRail": { "value": 0.3, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctBus": { "value": 1.5, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctWalked": { "value": 2.4, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctBicycle": { "value": 0.4, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctWorkedFromHome": { "value": 15.1, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore6am": { "value": 14.4, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctLeaveBefore7am": { "value": 32.5, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "households": 129227496, "pctNoVehicle": { "value": 8.4, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "pctThreePlusVehicles": { "value": 21.9, "moe": 0, "lowReliability": false }, "medianHouseholdIncome": { "value": 80734, "moe": 166 }, "medianAge": { "value": 38.9, "moe": 0.1 } } }, "research": { "researchedAt": "2026-09-17", "identity": { "officialName": "Incorporated Village of Malverne", "placeType": "incorporated village", "parentTown": "Town of Hempstead", "alsoIn": [], "formerNames": [ { "name": "Norwood", "note": "The village's own history says it was 'previously...known as Norwood, a name shared by several Norwoods in New York State, leading to frequent misdelivery of mail'; it was renamed in 1913.", "src": [ 1 ] } ], "nameOrigin": { "text": "Developers Alfred H. Wagg and Ernest Childs proposed renaming the village for Malvern, England, in 1913 after an earlier proposal, Lynmouth, was rejected as too similar to neighboring Lynbrook. The village's history states the name 'comes from the Old English and means \"green mall\" or \"green park,\"' and notes that the added final 'e' in 'Malverne' is 'a mystery which has never been solved.'", "src": [ 1 ] }, "founded": { "text": "The village's history says its 'first white settlers began to arrive in the late 18th and early 19th centuries' on land that had been the tribal territory of the Rockaway Indians; suburban development began in 1911 when the Amsterdam Development and Land Company purchased the Lindner farm.", "src": [ 1 ] }, "incorporated": null, "gnisId": null, "wikidataId": null }, "quickFacts": [ { "label": "ZIP code", "value": "11565", "src": [ 2 ] }, { "label": "Parent town", "value": "Town of Hempstead, Nassau County", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "label": "Incorporated", "value": "Decided October 1920; official date April 13, 1921", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "label": "School district", "value": "Malverne Union Free School District, which also covers parts of Lynbrook, Rockville Centre and West Hempstead", "src": [ 8 ] }, { "label": "Village police", "value": "Malverne Police Department, 1 Arlington Avenue (own department; not an NCPD precinct)", "src": [ 3, 4 ] }, { "label": "Fire protection", "value": "Malverne Fire Department (all-volunteer), 30 Broadway", "src": [ 7 ] }, { "label": "Village Hall / Village Court", "value": "99 Church Street, Malverne, NY 11565", "src": [ 5, 6 ] }, { "label": "LIRR station", "value": "Malverne station, LIRR West Hempstead Branch (between Westwood and Lakeview)", "src": [ 1 ] } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "1870", "label": "First railroad reaches the area", "text": "The Hempstead and Rockaway Railroad connected Valley Stream and Hempstead; where it crossed Franklin Avenue (then known as 'Grassy Pond') a station called Bridgeport was built.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1895", "label": "New rail operator", "text": "The New York Bay Extension Railroad Company began running a line through Malverne; it proved unprofitable and was discontinued in 1910.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1911", "label": "Suburban development and trolley service begin", "text": "The Amsterdam Development and Land Company bought the Lindner farm to begin suburban development, and a battery-driven trolley nicknamed 'the dinky' began running between Valley Stream and Hempstead.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1913", "label": "Renamed Malverne", "text": "The village, formerly called Norwood, was renamed Malverne at the suggestion of resident Ernest Childs.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1920-10", "label": "Vote to incorporate", "text": "Village residents decided the question of incorporation.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1921-04-13", "label": "Incorporation", "text": "Official documents list this as the village's date of incorporation.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1926", "label": "Trolley service ends", "text": "The 'dinky' trolley, Malverne's only rail service since 1911, stopped running.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1941", "label": "World War II", "text": "Malverne sent 707 residents into military service; 22 did not return.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "date": "1965-03-18", "label": "Vetere v. Allen decided", "text": "The New York Court of Appeals decided Matter of Vetere v. Allen, 15 N.Y.2d 259, concerning racial-balance reorganization of the Malverne-Lakeview school district.", "src": [ 9 ] }, { "date": "2022", "label": "Vote to rename Lindner Place", "text": "The village board voted to rename Lindner Place, a street honoring a local Ku Klux Klan figure; accounts differ on the month (April per CBS News, September per Long Island Press).", "src": [ 10, 11 ] }, { "date": "2023-01-26", "label": "Acorn Way signage unveiled", "text": "New street signs replaced Lindner Place with Acorn Way after a multiyear campaign by Malverne High School students.", "src": [ 11 ] }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "label": "New police headquarters", "text": "The Malverne Police Department began operating from a newly built headquarters at 1 Arlington Avenue.", "src": [ 4 ] } ], "sections": [ { "id": "history", "heading": "History", "paragraphs": [ "Malverne occupies land the village's own history describes as once 'the tribal territory of the Rockaway Indians, whose lands extended over a good part of present-day Queens and Nassau,' adding that the Rockaways 'were known for their skill in making wampum from shells.'[1] The same history dates the arrival of the area's first non-Native settlers to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, with several streets named for early landholding families such as the Cornwells, Riders, Wicks and Nostrands.[1] Farming was the dominant early economy, supplemented by a wheelwright shop, a grist mill, several general stores, a greenhouse, a hotel and a tavern.[1]", "The community was originally called Norwood, a name it shared with other New York villages, which the village says caused mail to be 'frequently misdelivered.'[1] Suburban development began in earnest in 1911, when the Amsterdam Development and Land Company purchased the Lindner farm; two of the development's figures, Alfred H. Wagg and Ernest Childs, proposed renaming the village for Malvern, England, in 1913 after an initial choice, Lynmouth, was dropped as too close to neighboring Lynbrook.[1]", "Residents decided the question of incorporation in October 1920, with the village's own documents listing April 13, 1921 as the formal incorporation date.[1] By 1940 the village's population had grown enough to qualify it for 'first-class village' status.[1] Malverne sent 707 residents into military service in World War II, of whom 22 did not return; the superintendent of School District 12 dedicated a memorial pipe organ in 1948.[1] At the village's 25th-anniversary observance after the war, the village's history recounts that Governor Thomas E. Dewey called Malverne 'one of the best-governed communities in the state.'[1]" ] }, { "id": "roads", "heading": "How the roads got here", "paragraphs": [ "Hempstead Avenue runs through the village center past the Malverne LIRR station; the village's own history recalls that the intersection of Hempstead Avenue and Franklin Avenue was once known as 'Grassy Pond' and 'was a popular spot for ice skating during the winter.'[1] Ocean Avenue is likewise mapped as a through-street inside the village limits.[13]", "Hempstead Turnpike, sometimes loosely associated with Malverne, does not pass through the incorporated village. Mapped segments of Hempstead Turnpike lie roughly two to three miles to the north, in the West Hempstead/Hempstead Gardens area of the Town of Hempstead.[13]" ] }, { "id": "law", "heading": "Law and legal history", "paragraphs": [ "Malverne is tied to one of New York's early school-desegregation cases, Matter of Vetere v. Allen, 15 N.Y.2d 259, 206 N.E.2d 174, 258 N.Y.S.2d 77 (1965).[9] The litigation concerned Union Free School District No. 12 of the Town of Hempstead, described in one of the opinions as 'commonly known as the Malverne-Lakeview School District,' which lies partially within the villages of Malverne and Lynbrook.[9] Parents of white children had challenged a Commissioner of Education determination ordering reorganization of the district's elementary schools to remedy racial imbalance; in a per curiam decision the Court of Appeals held that the racial-balance question 'is not reviewable by this court' under the finality the Education Law gives the Commissioner's quasi-judicial determinations, an outcome that left the Commissioner's reorganization order in place. Two judges, Van Voorhis and Scileppi, dissented, each taking the view that the issue was reviewable and voting to reinstate an earlier Special Term order that had annulled the Commissioner's determination.[9]", "In 2023 the village retired a second piece of that same historical thread: Lindner Place, a street named for developer Paul Lindner, became Acorn Way.[10][11] Lindner had 'sold his farmland to develop the Village of Malverne more than a century ago and, it turns out, was a grand cyclops of the Ku Klux Klan,' according to CBS News New York; the Long Island Press instead described him as having 'also served as great titan of the New York State Klan' — the two outlets disagree on his specific Klan title.[10][11] The Long Island Press reported the village board 'voted to change the name in September 2022,' while CBS News reported the board 'unanimously voted to change the name last April,' i.e., April 2022; both place the vote in 2022 but disagree on the month.[10][11] New Acorn Way signage went up in late January 2023 after a multiyear research and advocacy campaign by Malverne High School students; CBS News reported the renamed street runs past a school 'formerly known as Lindner Elementary and was one of the first schools integrated in New York to accept Black students.'[11]", "Village roads and sidewalks fall under Chapter 411 of the Village Code, 'Notification of Defects,' which the code publisher's own description states provides that, 'notwithstanding the provisions of § 6-628 of the Village Law, no civil action shall be brought or maintained against the Village of Malverne for damages or injuries to person or property sustained in consequence of' a defective street, highway, bridge, culvert, sidewalk, curb or crosswalk unless prior written notice was first given to the village.[15]" ] }, { "id": "government", "heading": "Government, courts and policing", "paragraphs": [ "Malverne is patrolled by its own Malverne Police Department, headquartered at 1 Arlington Avenue, rather than by a Nassau County Police Department precinct.[3][4] The department's stated mission is 'to enhance the quality of life in Malverne by protecting the lives and property of its citizens,' and it moved into a newly built headquarters that 'began operating' on December 2, 2024.[3][4]", "Fire protection is provided by the all-volunteer Malverne Fire Department, based at 30 Broadway and described on the village's own site as 'a dedicated group of local volunteers that are your friends, relatives and neighbors.'[7]" ] }, { "id": "transit", "heading": "Railroad and transit", "paragraphs": [ "Malverne has its own Long Island Rail Road station; the village's history page captions a photo of it 'Malverne Village LIRR Train Station.'[1] An official LIRR West Hempstead Branch timetable lists Malverne as a stop between Westwood and Lakeview. Rail service to the area predates the current station: the Hempstead and Rockaway Railroad reached the area in 1870, a successor line ran from 1895 until it was discontinued in 1910, and from 1911 to 1926 a battery-powered trolley known locally as 'the dinky' provided the village's only rail service.[1]" ] } ], "legalCases": [], "landmarks": [], "notableFacts": [ { "text": "Malverne was called Norwood until 1913, when it was renamed for Malvern, England; the village's own history calls the origin of its extra final 'e' 'a mystery which has never been solved.'", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "text": "Village residents decided to incorporate in October 1920, but Malverne's official incorporation date is April 13, 1921.", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "text": "Before regular commuter rail, Malverne's only rail service from 1911 to 1926 was a battery-powered trolley nicknamed 'the dinky.'", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "text": "At Malverne's 25th-anniversary observance, Governor Thomas E. Dewey reportedly called it 'one of the best-governed communities in the state.'", "src": [ 1 ] }, { "text": "The 1965 Court of Appeals case Vetere v. Allen, 15 N.Y.2d 259, grew out of a dispute over the 'Malverne-Lakeview School District.'", "src": [ 9 ] }, { "text": "In 2023 the village renamed Lindner Place — honoring a developer who also held rank in the Ku Klux Klan — to Acorn Way, after a multiyear campaign by Malverne High School students.", "src": [ 10, 11 ] }, { "text": "Malverne's police department did not move into its current headquarters at 1 Arlington Avenue until December 2, 2024.", "src": [ 4 ] }, { "text": "Malverne Union Free School District extends beyond the village itself, also covering parts of Lynbrook, Rockville Centre and West Hempstead.", "src": [ 8 ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": 1, "title": "Village History", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/village-history", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 2, "title": "About Malverne", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/about-malverne", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 3, "title": "Police Department & Reserve", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/police-department-reserve", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 4, "title": "New Police Headquarters", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/new-police-dept", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 5, "title": "Village Court", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/village-court", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 6, "title": "Contact Us", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/contact-us", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 7, "title": "Fire Department", "publisher": "Incorporated Village of Malverne, NY", "url": "https://www.malvernevillage.gov/fire-department", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" }, { "id": 8, "title": "Malverne Union Free School District (homepage)", "publisher": "Malverne Union Free School District", "url": "https://www.malverneschools.org/", "year": "n.d.", "type": "institution" }, { "id": 9, "title": "Search results for Vetere v. Allen (case index and opinion excerpts)", "publisher": "CourtListener (Free Law Project)", "url": "https://static.case.law/ny-2d/15/html/0259-01.html", "year": "1965", "type": "court" }, { "id": 10, "title": "Malverne Street Honoring KKK Leader Renamed After Student-led Effort", "publisher": "Long Island Press", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230210094920/https://www.longislandpress.com/2023/02/06/malverne-street-kkk-renamed/", "year": "2023", "type": "newspaper" }, { "id": 11, "title": "Malverne street named for Ku Klux Klan leader Paul Lindner to officially be renamed Acorn Way", "publisher": "CBS News New York (WCBS-TV)", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/malverne-street-named-for-ku-klux-klan-leader-paul-linder-to-officially-be-renamed-acorn-way/", "year": "2023", "type": "newspaper" }, { "id": 12, "title": "South Nassau (location page)", "publisher": "Mount Sinai Health System", "url": "https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/south-nassau", "year": "n.d.", "type": "institution" }, { "id": 13, "title": "Nominatim search result for Ocean Avenue, Malverne, NY", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim", "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Ocean+Avenue,+Malverne,+NY&format=json&limit=5", "year": "n.d.", "type": "reference" }, { "id": 15, "title": "Chapter 411: Notification of Defects - Village of Malverne, NY", "publisher": "eCode360 / General Code (Village of Malverne, NY Code)", "url": "https://ecode360.com/16111161", "year": "n.d.", "type": "government" } ] }, "dataSources": { "census2020": { "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb — 2020 Census tabulation geography (POP100, HU100, AREALAND)", "url": "https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/tigerWMS_Census2020/MapServer", "retrieved": "2026-09-17" }, "acs": { "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-Year Estimates, tables B08303, B08013, B08301, B08302, B08201, B19013, B01002", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/", "period": "2020–2024", "retrieved": "2026-09-17", "note": "Survey estimates with 90% margins of error. lowReliability = coefficient of variation above 30%." }, "fars": { "name": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 2010–2024 national files", "url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/file-downloads?p=nhtsa/downloads/FARS/", "retrieved": "2026-09-17", "preliminaryYears": [ 2024 ], "note": "Crashes on public trafficways in which a person died within 30 days. No personal identifiers. Placed by reported coordinates into 2020 Census boundaries." }, "nys": { "name": "New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Crashes — Case Information: Four Year Window", "url": "https://data.ny.gov/Transportation/Motor-Vehicle-Crashes-Case-Information-Four-Year-W/e8ky-4vqe", "period": "2021–2024", "retrieved": "2026-09-17", "note": "Police-reported crashes coded to a town, city or village by the reporting agency. Hamlets are not coded; hamlet pages show the parent town." } } }