{
  "name": "Bethpage, New York",
  "url": "https://longislandtraffic.com/towns/nassau/bethpage/",
  "updated": "2026-09-17",
  "publisher": "Long Island Traffic (https://longislandtraffic.com)",
  "methodology": "https://longislandtraffic.com/towns/methodology/",
  "reuse": "Quote with credit and a link to the page URL above. Underlying federal and state datasets are public records.",
  "geography": {
    "slug": "bethpage",
    "county": "nassau",
    "censusName": "Bethpage CDP",
    "geoType": "census-designated place",
    "legalStatus": "hamlet (unincorporated)",
    "geoid": "3606387",
    "gnisId": "2389207",
    "pop2020": 16658,
    "housingUnits2020": 6072,
    "landSqMi": 3.58,
    "waterSqMi": 0,
    "densityPerSqMi": 4659,
    "internalPoint": [
      40.74952,
      -73.48554
    ],
    "parentTown": "Oyster Bay town",
    "parentTownGeoid": "3605956000",
    "townShares": [
      {
        "name": "Oyster Bay town",
        "share": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "fatalCrashes2010to2024": {
    "period": "2010–2024",
    "crashes": 18,
    "deaths": 18,
    "pedestrianDeaths": 3,
    "bicyclistDeaths": 1,
    "motorcyclistDeaths": 2,
    "crashesWithDriverBac08": 4,
    "multiFatalityCrashes": 0,
    "onLimitedAccessHighways": {
      "crashes": 2,
      "deaths": 2
    },
    "deathsPer100kResidentsPerYear": 7.2,
    "byYear": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "crashes": 3,
        "deaths": 3
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "crashes": 3,
        "deaths": 3
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "crashes": 0,
        "deaths": 0
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "crashes": 0,
        "deaths": 0
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "crashes": 0,
        "deaths": 0
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "crashes": 0,
        "deaths": 0
      }
    ],
    "byTimeOfDay": {
      "known": 18,
      "morning6to10": 4,
      "midday10to16": 4,
      "evening16to20": 4,
      "night20to6": 6
    },
    "darkShare": 0.5,
    "topRoads": [
      {
        "name": "Stewart Ave",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 4,
        "deaths": 4
      },
      {
        "name": "Central Ave",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 3,
        "deaths": 3
      },
      {
        "name": "Plainview Rd",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 2,
        "deaths": 2
      },
      {
        "name": "Seaford–Oyster Bay Expressway (NY 135)",
        "slug": "seaford-oyster-bay-expressway",
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "name": "Cr-E33 Stewart Ave",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "name": "Bethpage State Parkway",
        "slug": "bethpage-state-parkway",
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "name": "Route 107",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      },
      {
        "name": "Park Dr",
        "slug": null,
        "crashes": 1,
        "deaths": 1
      }
    ],
    "roadOwnership": {
      "period": "2015–2024",
      "crashes": 8,
      "owners": [
        {
          "owner": "State Highway Agency",
          "crashes": 3
        },
        {
          "owner": "Town or Township Highway Agency",
          "crashes": 3
        },
        {
          "owner": "County Highway Agency",
          "crashes": 2
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "allReportedCrashes": {
    "years": [
      "2021",
      "2022",
      "2023",
      "2024"
    ],
    "scope": "parent-town",
    "municipalityCode": "OYSTER BAY",
    "label": "Town of Oyster Bay",
    "total": 26324,
    "fatal": 50,
    "injury": 6596,
    "propertyDamageOnly": 19678,
    "byYear": {
      "2021": 5993,
      "2022": 6897,
      "2023": 6658,
      "2024": 6776
    },
    "pedestrian": 295,
    "bicyclist": 222,
    "deer": 38,
    "otherAnimal": 57
  },
  "commute": {
    "workers16plus": 7485,
    "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 6172,
    "meanTravelMinutes": {
      "value": 32.8,
      "moe": 4.6,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pct60MinPlus": {
      "value": 20,
      "moe": 4,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pct90MinPlus": {
      "value": 6,
      "moe": 2.1,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctUnder15Min": {
      "value": 19.8,
      "moe": 5.2,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctDroveAlone": {
      "value": 64.8,
      "moe": 7.7,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctCarpooled": {
      "value": 6.5,
      "moe": 2.2,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctPublicTransit": {
      "value": 8.6,
      "moe": 2.5,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctCommuterRail": {
      "value": 6.7,
      "moe": 2,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctBus": {
      "value": 0.4,
      "moe": 0.5,
      "lowReliability": true
    },
    "pctWalked": {
      "value": 1.8,
      "moe": 1.9,
      "lowReliability": true
    },
    "pctBicycle": {
      "value": 0.3,
      "moe": 0.4,
      "lowReliability": true
    },
    "pctWorkedFromHome": {
      "value": 17.5,
      "moe": 4.5,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
      "value": 13.1,
      "moe": 3.7,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
      "value": 31.4,
      "moe": 5.7,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "households": 5948,
    "pctNoVehicle": {
      "value": 6.8,
      "moe": 3.1,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
      "value": 26.2,
      "moe": 6.1,
      "lowReliability": false
    },
    "medianHouseholdIncome": {
      "value": 122257,
      "moe": 21770
    },
    "medianAge": {
      "value": 47.4,
      "moe": 2.6
    }
  },
  "benchmarks": {
    "county": {
      "workers16plus": 679059,
      "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 573233,
      "meanTravelMinutes": {
        "value": 36,
        "moe": 0.5,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct60MinPlus": {
        "value": 22.3,
        "moe": 0.5,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct90MinPlus": {
        "value": 7.6,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctUnder15Min": {
        "value": 17.9,
        "moe": 0.5,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctDroveAlone": {
        "value": 60.7,
        "moe": 0.5,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCarpooled": {
        "value": 7.3,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctPublicTransit": {
        "value": 12.5,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCommuterRail": {
        "value": 7.1,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBus": {
        "value": 2.2,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWalked": {
        "value": 2,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBicycle": {
        "value": 0.2,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWorkedFromHome": {
        "value": 15.6,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
        "value": 10.8,
        "moe": 0.4,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
        "value": 26.6,
        "moe": 0.6,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "households": 458166,
      "pctNoVehicle": {
        "value": 6.8,
        "moe": 0.3,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
        "value": 23.3,
        "moe": 0.5,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "medianHouseholdIncome": {
        "value": 146202,
        "moe": 1472
      },
      "medianAge": {
        "value": 42,
        "moe": 0.2
      }
    },
    "state": {
      "workers16plus": 9306567,
      "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 7916632,
      "meanTravelMinutes": {
        "value": 32.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct60MinPlus": {
        "value": 16.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct90MinPlus": {
        "value": 5.3,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctUnder15Min": {
        "value": 20.5,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctDroveAlone": {
        "value": 48.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCarpooled": {
        "value": 6.3,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctPublicTransit": {
        "value": 21.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCommuterRail": {
        "value": 1.8,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBus": {
        "value": 5.1,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWalked": {
        "value": 5.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBicycle": {
        "value": 0.8,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWorkedFromHome": {
        "value": 14.9,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
        "value": 10.6,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
        "value": 26.3,
        "moe": 0.2,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "households": 7722646,
      "pctNoVehicle": {
        "value": 29.2,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
        "value": 11.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "medianHouseholdIncome": {
        "value": 85974,
        "moe": 402
      },
      "medianAge": {
        "value": 39.8,
        "moe": 0.1
      }
    },
    "nation": {
      "workers16plus": 159114094,
      "commutersNotWorkingFromHome": 135071605,
      "meanTravelMinutes": {
        "value": 26.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct60MinPlus": {
        "value": 8.6,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pct90MinPlus": {
        "value": 2.7,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctUnder15Min": {
        "value": 26,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctDroveAlone": {
        "value": 68.8,
        "moe": 0.1,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCarpooled": {
        "value": 8.5,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctPublicTransit": {
        "value": 3.2,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctCommuterRail": {
        "value": 0.3,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBus": {
        "value": 1.5,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWalked": {
        "value": 2.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctBicycle": {
        "value": 0.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctWorkedFromHome": {
        "value": 15.1,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore6am": {
        "value": 14.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctLeaveBefore7am": {
        "value": 32.5,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "households": 129227496,
      "pctNoVehicle": {
        "value": 8.4,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "pctThreePlusVehicles": {
        "value": 21.9,
        "moe": 0,
        "lowReliability": false
      },
      "medianHouseholdIncome": {
        "value": 80734,
        "moe": 166
      },
      "medianAge": {
        "value": 38.9,
        "moe": 0.1
      }
    }
  },
  "research": {
    "researchedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "identity": {
      "officialName": "Bethpage",
      "placeType": "unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place",
      "parentTown": "Town of Oyster Bay",
      "alsoIn": [],
      "formerNames": [],
      "nameOrigin": null,
      "founded": null,
      "incorporated": null,
      "gnisId": null,
      "wikidataId": null
    },
    "quickFacts": [
      {
        "label": "Legal status",
        "value": "Unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place in the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County",
        "src": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Grumman/Northrop Grumman",
        "value": "Manufacturing on a 600-acre Bethpage property from the 1930s until Grumman was bought by Northrop Corporation in 1994",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Apollo Lunar Module",
        "value": "Built by Grumman in Bethpage, per Northrop Grumman's own company history page",
        "src": [
          2
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Prior written notice law",
        "value": "Town of Oyster Bay Code Ch. 160, \"Notification of Defects\" (adopted 1982, amended in its entirety 2003)",
        "src": [
          6
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "Police",
        "value": "Nassau County Police Department, Eighth Precinct, headquartered in Bethpage",
        "src": [
          7
        ]
      }
    ],
    "timeline": [
      {
        "date": "1653",
        "label": "Town of Oyster Bay founding",
        "text": "The Town of Oyster Bay's own history dates its founding to a 1653 land sale by the Native American leader it names as Mohannes to New England colonists, followed by an English patent from Governor Sir Edmund Andros in 1667.",
        "src": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1920",
        "label": "Central Park Fire Department",
        "text": "A Town of Oyster Bay archival photograph shows the \"Central Park (now Bethpage) Fire Department\" with a new motorized fire engine on Stewart Avenue.",
        "src": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1983",
        "label": "DEC hazardous waste listing",
        "text": "New York's Department of Environmental Conservation listed the Grumman property, known as the Grumman Aerospace-Bethpage Facility Site, on the Registry of Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1990",
        "label": "DEC Consent Order",
        "text": "Grumman entered into a Consent Order with DEC to conduct a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study of contamination at the property.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "1994",
        "label": "Tolling agreement and Northrop purchase",
        "text": "The Bethpage Water District and Grumman entered a tolling agreement addressing volatile organic compound contamination at two district wells, the same year Grumman was bought by Northrop Corporation.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "2018-03-02",
        "label": "Second Circuit ruling",
        "text": "The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed dismissal of the Bethpage Water District's contamination claims against Northrop Grumman as time-barred.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sections": [
      {
        "id": "history",
        "heading": "History",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Bethpage lies within the Town of Oyster Bay, whose own history traces the Town's founding to 1653, when it says the Native American leader it names as Mohannes sold land in the Town's northern portion to English colonists Samuel Mayo, Peter Wright and William Leverich, with an English patent following from Governor Sir Edmund Andros in 1667.[1]",
          "The hamlet was formerly known as Central Park. A Town of Oyster Bay archival photograph caption describes \"[t]he Central Park (now Bethpage) Fire Department with its new motorized fire engine in front of the fire house on Stewart Avenue opposite Kearney Avenue ca. 1920,\" confirming the earlier name but not the year it changed.[1]",
          "Bethpage's twentieth-century economy was shaped by aircraft manufacturing. The Grumman Corporation began manufacturing on a 600-acre Bethpage property in the 1930s, including the production of heavy industrial and military equipment during World War II, according to the background section of a 2018 federal appellate opinion.[3] Grumman was bought by Northrop Corporation in 1994.[3] Northrop Grumman's own company history page states that \"Bethpage has served as a vital location throughout the history of Northrop Grumman as the production site for projects like the Apollo Lunar Module and F-14 Tomcat.\"[2]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "roads",
        "heading": "How the roads got here",
        "paragraphs": [
          "The New York State Department of Transportation's official touring-route description places NY 135, the Seaford-Oyster Bay Expressway, running as \"(Merrick Road) Seaford, Bethpage, Syosset (NY 25) – Nassau County,\" confirming the route passes through Bethpage.[4] The same DOT document lists the Bethpage State Parkway (reference route NY 907E) as a Nassau County parkway that is state-owned by the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation but \"[m]aintained and [s]igned by NYSDOT.\"[4]",
          "NY 24, Hempstead Turnpike, also runs through Bethpage: St. Joseph Hospital's own address, \"4295 Hempstead Turnpike, Bethpage, NY 11714,\" places the turnpike inside the hamlet.[5]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "heading": "Law and legal history",
        "paragraphs": [
          "Bethpage's most consequential legal history concerns groundwater contaminated by decades of aircraft manufacturing. In Bethpage Water Dist. v. Northrop Grumman Corp., 884 F.3d 118 (2d Cir. 2018), the water district that supplies Bethpage sued Northrop Grumman for negligence, trespass and nuisance, seeking the cost of remediating contamination at two of its wells.[3] The court's opinion states that the primary contaminant was trichloroethylene (TCE), \"linked to liver problems and... a possible carcinogen,\" and that in 1983 DEC listed the Grumman property, called the \"Grumman Aerospace-Bethpage Facility Site,\" on the state's Registry of Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites.[3] In a 1994 tolling agreement between the district and Grumman, Grumman \"admitted that the 'source of the contaminants' at Plant 4 was 'located on property owned by Grumman'\" and agreed to pay $1.5 million for an air-stripping tower to remove the chemicals.[3]",
          "The central legal question on appeal was when a groundwater-pollution claim accrues for statute-of-limitations purposes under N.Y. C.P.L.R. § 214-c(2): when contamination is actually detected in a water source, as the district argued, or earlier, when a water provider learns contamination threatens water quality enough to require prompt remedial action, as Northrop Grumman argued.[3] The Second Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal, holding that the district's claims — including a separate claim about radium contamination, where \"there was a seven-year gap between the discovery of the injury in 2006 and the discovery of the source of the injury in 2013\" — were time-barred under the three-year pollution statute of limitations.[3]"
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "government",
        "heading": "Government, courts and policing",
        "paragraphs": [
          "As an unincorporated hamlet, Bethpage is governed as part of the Town of Oyster Bay. Town of Oyster Bay Code Ch. 160, \"Notification of Defects,\" adopted November 9, 1982 by Local Law No. 5-1982 and amended in its entirety on July 22, 2003 by Local Law No. 5-2003, provides that \"[n]o civil action shall be maintained against the Town of Oyster Bay for injuries or damages to persons or property sustained by reason of any street, highway, bridge, culvert, sidewalk or crosswalk being defective, out-of-repair, unsafe, dangerous or obstructed\" without prior written notice served on the Town Clerk.[6]",
          "The Nassau County Police Department's Eighth Precinct is headquartered inside Bethpage itself, at 299 Hicksville Road, and its own \"About Precinct\" page lists Bethpage among the eleven communities it covers, describing the precinct's territory as running \"north of the Southern State Parkway to Old Country Road and east of the Wantagh State Parkway to the Suffolk County border.\"[7]",
          "Criminal charges and smaller civil claims from Bethpage go to the Nassau County District Court at 99 Main Street, Hempstead, which the state court system's page describes as deciding \"civil suits involving claims up to $15,000,\" handling \"misdemeanors and lesser offenses,\" and arraigning \"defendants accused of felonies.\"[9] Nassau County's Traffic & Parking Violations Agency, at 801 Axinn Avenue, Garden City, states its mission as \"the timely adjudication of all traffic, parking and photo enforcement related offenses.\"[11] Larger civil matters, including personal-injury actions, go to Nassau County Supreme Court in Mineola.[10]"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "legalCases": [
      {
        "name": "Bethpage Water Dist. v. Northrop Grumman Corp.",
        "citation": "884 F.3d 118 (2d Cir. 2018)",
        "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit",
        "year": 2018,
        "connection": "Suit by the water district serving Bethpage against Northrop Grumman over groundwater contamination traced to decades of Grumman manufacturing on its Bethpage property.",
        "holding": "The Second Circuit affirmed dismissal of the district's negligence, trespass and nuisance claims as barred by New York's three-year statute of limitations for pollution claims, holding the claims accrued when the district learned contamination threatened its water supply, not when contamination was later detected in the wells.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      }
    ],
    "landmarks": [],
    "notableFacts": [
      {
        "text": "Bethpage was formerly known as Central Park, per a Town of Oyster Bay archival photo caption of its fire department circa 1920.",
        "src": [
          1
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "Grumman manufactured heavy industrial and military equipment on a 600-acre Bethpage property beginning in the 1930s, before Northrop Corporation bought the company in 1994.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "Northrop Grumman's own company history credits Bethpage as the production site for the Apollo Lunar Module and the F-14 Tomcat.",
        "src": [
          2
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "New York's DEC listed the Grumman Aerospace-Bethpage Facility Site on the state's Registry of Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites in 1983.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "In 2018 the Second Circuit ruled that Bethpage Water District's groundwater-contamination claims against Northrop Grumman, including one where the contamination source wasn't identified until seven years after the injury was discovered, were time-barred.",
        "src": [
          3
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "The Nassau County Police Department's Eighth Precinct, which patrols eleven communities including Bethpage, is headquartered inside Bethpage itself.",
        "src": [
          7
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "Bethpage State Park's Black Course has hosted the U.S. Open (2002, 2009), the Barclays (2012, 2016), the PGA Championship (2019) and the 2025 Ryder Cup, and is scheduled to host the 2028 KPMG Women's PGA Championship and the 2033 PGA Championship.",
        "src": [
          14
        ]
      }
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": 1,
        "title": "Town History",
        "publisher": "Town of Oyster Bay",
        "url": "https://oysterbaytown.com/town-history/",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 2,
        "title": "Northrop Grumman in Bethpage, New York",
        "publisher": "Northrop Grumman Corporation",
        "url": "https://www.northropgrumman.com/careers/northrop-grumman-in-bethpage-new-york/",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "institution"
      },
      {
        "id": 3,
        "title": "Bethpage Water Dist. v. Northrop Grumman Corp., 884 F.3d 118 (2d Cir. 2018)",
        "publisher": "Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School Library",
        "url": "https://static.case.law/f3d/884/html/0118-01.html",
        "year": "2018",
        "type": "court"
      },
      {
        "id": 4,
        "title": "Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycle Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State",
        "publisher": "New York State Department of Transportation, Office of Traffic Safety & Mobility",
        "url": "https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/operating/oom/transportation-systems/repository/2017%20tour-bk.pdf",
        "year": "2017",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 5,
        "title": "St. Joseph Hospital",
        "publisher": "Catholic Health",
        "url": "https://www.catholichealthli.org/st-joseph-hospital",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "reference"
      },
      {
        "id": 6,
        "title": "Code of the Town of Oyster Bay, Chapter 160, Notification of Defects",
        "publisher": "Town of Oyster Bay, via eCode360",
        "url": "https://ecode360.com/26876188",
        "year": "2003",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 7,
        "title": "About Precinct (Eighth Precinct)",
        "publisher": "Nassau County Police Department",
        "url": "https://www.pdcn.org/360/About-Precinct",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 9,
        "title": "Nassau County District Court",
        "publisher": "New York State Unified Court System",
        "url": "https://www.nycourts.gov/courts/10th-jd-nassau/nassau-county-district-court",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "court"
      },
      {
        "id": 10,
        "title": "Nassau County Supreme Court",
        "publisher": "New York State Unified Court System",
        "url": "https://www.nycourts.gov/courts/10th-jd-nassau/nassau-county-supreme-court",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "court"
      },
      {
        "id": 11,
        "title": "Traffic & Parking Violations Agency",
        "publisher": "Nassau County",
        "url": "https://www.nassaucountyny.gov/1928/Traffic-Parking-Violations-Agency",
        "year": "2026",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 12,
        "title": "New York State Trauma Centers",
        "publisher": "New York State Department of Health",
        "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/professionals/ems/state_trauma/trauma2.htm",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 13,
        "title": "Nassau University Medical Center (home page footer)",
        "publisher": "NuHealth / Nassau Health Care Corporation",
        "url": "https://www.numc.edu/",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "government"
      },
      {
        "id": 14,
        "title": "Bethpage State Park (park details page)",
        "publisher": "New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation",
        "url": "https://parks.ny.gov/parks/bethpage/details.aspx",
        "year": "n.d.",
        "type": "government"
      }
    ]
  },
  "dataSources": {
    "census2020": {
      "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb — 2020 Census tabulation geography (POP100, HU100, AREALAND)",
      "url": "https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/tigerWMS_Census2020/MapServer",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17"
    },
    "acs": {
      "name": "U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-Year Estimates, tables B08303, B08013, B08301, B08302, B08201, B19013, B01002",
      "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/",
      "period": "2020–2024",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17",
      "note": "Survey estimates with 90% margins of error. lowReliability = coefficient of variation above 30%."
    },
    "fars": {
      "name": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), 2010–2024 national files",
      "url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/file-downloads?p=nhtsa/downloads/FARS/",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17",
      "preliminaryYears": [
        2024
      ],
      "note": "Crashes on public trafficways in which a person died within 30 days. No personal identifiers. Placed by reported coordinates into 2020 Census boundaries."
    },
    "nys": {
      "name": "New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Motor Vehicle Crashes — Case Information: Four Year Window",
      "url": "https://data.ny.gov/Transportation/Motor-Vehicle-Crashes-Case-Information-Four-Year-W/e8ky-4vqe",
      "period": "2021–2024",
      "retrieved": "2026-09-17",
      "note": "Police-reported crashes coded to a town, city or village by the reporting agency. Hamlets are not coded; hamlet pages show the parent town."
    }
  }
}
